World J Nephrol Urol

World Journal of Nephrology and Urology, ISSN 1927-1239 print, 1927-1247 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Nephrol Urol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjnu.org

Original Article

Volume 5, Number 4, December 2016, pages 71-78

Vesicoureteral Reflux Management With Subureteral Injection of Polydimethylsiloxane in Cases of Recurrent Pyelonephritis in Transplanted Kidneys

Figure 2. Evolution of renal function before and after the endoscopic procedure. *One patient lost the renal graft during the 6-month monitoring period. Only 12 patients completed 12 months of monitoring after the endoscopic procedure.

**Table 1.** Demographic Characteristics and Relevant Data (n = 17)
Variables	n (%)
VCUG: voiding cystourethrography.
Men, n (%)	2 (11.8%)
Women, n (%)	15 (88.2%)
Median age at transplantation (p25-75; years)	33 (30 - 58.5)
Median age at procedure (p25-75)	37 (30 - 58.5)
Kidney disease etiology
Glomerulonephritis, n (%)	5 (29.4%)
Unknown, n (%)	4 (23.5%)
Diabetic nephropathy, n (%)	2 (11.8%)
Tubulointerstitial nephritis, n (%)	2 (11.8%)
Hypertensive renal disease, n (%)	1 (5.9%)
Polycystic kidney disease, n (%)	1 (5.9%)
Preeclampsia, n (%)	1 (5.9%)
Previous transplant rejection, n (%)	1 (5.9%)
Induction therapy used at transplant
Alemtuzumab, n (%)	6 (35.5%)
Basiliximab, n (%)	6 (35.5%)
Daclizumab, n (%)	3 (17.6%)
Thymoglobulin, n (%)	2 (11.8%)
Median monitoring time between renal transplantation and endoscopic procedure (p25-75; months)	48 (24 - 66)
Use of prophylactic antibiotics before the procedure, n (%)	15 (88.2%)
Number of pyelonephritis per year before the procedure
Two episodes per year, n (%)	8 (47.1%)
Three episodes per year, n (%)	5 (29.4%)
Four or more episodes per year, n (%)	4 (23.5%)
Need for hospitalization due to pyelonephritis, n (%)	15 (94.1%)
Median pre-treatment serum creatinine (mg/dL; p25-75)	1.08 (0.87 - 1.44)
VUR grade (%) according to VCUG findings
I	1 (5.9%)
II	4 (23.5%)
III	7 (41.2%)
IV	4 (23.5%)
No data	1 (5.9%)
Median monitoring time in months (p25-75)	29 (10 - 33.5)

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics and Relevant Data (n = 17)

Variables

n (%)

VCUG: voiding cystourethrography.

Men, n (%)

2 (11.8%)

Women, n (%)

15 (88.2%)

Median age at transplantation (p25-75; years)

33 (30 - 58.5)

Median age at procedure (p25-75)

37 (30 - 58.5)

Kidney disease etiology

Glomerulonephritis, n (%)

5 (29.4%)

Unknown, n (%)

4 (23.5%)

Diabetic nephropathy, n (%)

2 (11.8%)

Tubulointerstitial nephritis, n (%)

2 (11.8%)

Hypertensive renal disease, n (%)

1 (5.9%)

Polycystic kidney disease, n (%)

1 (5.9%)

Preeclampsia, n (%)

1 (5.9%)

Previous transplant rejection, n (%)

1 (5.9%)

Induction therapy used at transplant

Alemtuzumab, n (%)

6 (35.5%)

Basiliximab, n (%)

6 (35.5%)

Daclizumab, n (%)

3 (17.6%)

Thymoglobulin, n (%)

2 (11.8%)

Median monitoring time between renal transplantation and endoscopic procedure (p25-75; months)

48 (24 - 66)

Use of prophylactic antibiotics before the procedure, n (%)

15 (88.2%)

Number of pyelonephritis per year before the procedure

Two episodes per year, n (%)

8 (47.1%)

Three episodes per year, n (%)

5 (29.4%)

Four or more episodes per year, n (%)

4 (23.5%)

Need for hospitalization due to pyelonephritis, n (%)

15 (94.1%)

Median pre-treatment serum creatinine (mg/dL; p25-75)

1.08 (0.87 - 1.44)

VUR grade (%) according to VCUG findings

1 (5.9%)

4 (23.5%)

III

7 (41.2%)

4 (23.5%)

No data

1 (5.9%)

Median monitoring time in months (p25-75)

29 (10 - 33.5)

**Table 2.** Patient Progression After the Endoscopic Procedure
	Before the procedure	After the procedure	P
Wilcoxon rank-sum test for related samples. *McNemar test for related samples.
Rate of pyelonephritis episodes per year (pyelonephritis episodes/patient-year)	2.71	0.59	0.01*
Need for antibiotic prophylaxis, n (%)	15 (88.2%)	8 (47.1%)	0.039**
Graft loss	0 (0%)	1 (5.9%)
Mortality rate	0 (0%)	0 (0%)

Table 2. Patient Progression After the Endoscopic Procedure

Before the procedure

After the procedure

*Wilcoxon rank-sum test for related samples. **McNemar test for related samples.

Rate of pyelonephritis episodes per year (pyelonephritis episodes/patient-year)

2.71

0.59

0.01*

Need for antibiotic prophylaxis, n (%)

15 (88.2%)

8 (47.1%)

0.039**

Graft loss

0 (0%)

1 (5.9%)

Mortality rate

0 (0%)