World J Nephrol Urol

World Journal of Nephrology and Urology, ISSN 1927-1239 print, 1927-1247 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Nephrol Urol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjnu.org

Original Article

Volume 1, Number 1, February 2012, pages 36-41

Renal Resistive Index and Urinary N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase as Predictors of Early Renal Involvement in Patients With Essential Hypertension

**Table 1.** Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Hypertensive Patients and Healthy Controls
Parameters	Hypertensive	Controls	P
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, P is significant if < 0.05, BMI: Body mass index, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglyceride, LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol, NAG: N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, RI: resistive index.
Age (years)	45.82 ± 7.78	46.73 ± 12.15	NS
BMI (kg/m²)	31.46 ± 4.55	28.91 ± 3.42	0.001
SBP (mmHg)	154.48 ± 17.62	116.66 ± 8.3	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	94.87 ± 16.57	76.14 ± 5.42	< 0.001
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	0.81 ± 0.27	0.76 ± 0.17	NS
Serum uric acid (mg/dl)	5.37 ± 1.12	4.31 ± 0.87	< 0.001
Urinary NAG (U/gm creatinine)	17.12 ± 5.36	6.84 ± 1.25	< 0.001
Total urinary proteins (mg/g creatinine)	270.71 ± 64.3	44.99 ± 39.08	< 0.001
TC (mg/dl)	219.71 ± 22.16	134.8 ± 34.44	< 0.001
TG (mg/dl)	136.71 ± 25.04	111.03 ± 34.05	< 0.001
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)	45.6 ± 10.5	46.7 ± 11.2	NS
LDL- cholesterol (mg/dl)	147.08 ± 25.69	76.01 ± 35.63	< 0.001
Creatinine clearance	104.5 ± 27.25	126.36 ± 20.67	0.001
RI	0.69 ± 0.26	0.45 ± 0.09	< 0.001

Table 1. Clinical and Biochemical Characteristics of Hypertensive Patients and Healthy Controls

Parameters

Hypertensive

Controls

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, P is significant if < 0.05, BMI: Body mass index, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure, TC: Total cholesterol, TG: Triglyceride, LDL-c: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c: High density lipoprotein cholesterol, NAG: N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, RI: resistive index.

Age (years)

45.82 ± 7.78

46.73 ± 12.15

BMI (kg/m²)

31.46 ± 4.55

28.91 ± 3.42

0.001

SBP (mmHg)

154.48 ± 17.62

116.66 ± 8.3

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

94.87 ± 16.57

76.14 ± 5.42

< 0.001

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)

0.81 ± 0.27

0.76 ± 0.17

Serum uric acid (mg/dl)

5.37 ± 1.12

4.31 ± 0.87

< 0.001

Urinary NAG (U/gm creatinine)

17.12 ± 5.36

6.84 ± 1.25

< 0.001

Total urinary proteins (mg/g creatinine)

270.71 ± 64.3

44.99 ± 39.08

< 0.001

TC (mg/dl)

219.71 ± 22.16

134.8 ± 34.44

< 0.001

TG (mg/dl)

136.71 ± 25.04

111.03 ± 34.05

< 0.001

HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl)

45.6 ± 10.5

46.7 ± 11.2

LDL- cholesterol (mg/dl)

147.08 ± 25.69

76.01 ± 35.63

< 0.001

Creatinine clearance

104.5 ± 27.25

126.36 ± 20.67

0.001

0.69 ± 0.26

0.45 ± 0.09

< 0.001

**Table 2.** Univariate Correlation of Urinary NAG, Total Proteins and Resistive Index With Clinical and Biochemical Variables in Hypertensive Patients
Variables	R	P
NAG: N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, RI: resistive index, TC: Total cholesterol, *P is significant if < 0.05.
Urinary NAG
Age (years)	0.342	0.044*
SBP (mmHg)	0.556	0.001*
Duration of hypertension (years)	0.764	< 0.001*
Serum uric acid (mg/dl)	0.612	< 0.001*
Total urinary proteins (mg/gm creatinine)	0.466	0.005*
RI	0.536	0.001*
Total urinary proteins
SBP (mmHg)	0.354	0.037*
Duration of hypertension (years)	0.374	0.027*
Serum uric acid (mg/dl)	0.54	0.001*
RI	0.411	0.014*
Resistive index
Age (years)	0.347	0.041*
SBP (mmHg)	0.573	< 0.001*
Duration of hypertension (years)	0.691	< 0.001*
TC (mg/dl)	0.328	0.03*
Creatinine clearance	-0.339	0.02*
Total urinary proteins	0.411	0.014*

Table 2. Univariate Correlation of Urinary NAG, Total Proteins and Resistive Index With Clinical and Biochemical Variables in Hypertensive Patients

Variables

NAG: N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, RI: resistive index, TC: Total cholesterol, *P is significant if < 0.05.

Urinary NAG

Age (years)

0.342

0.044*

SBP (mmHg)

0.556

0.001*

Duration of hypertension (years)

0.764

< 0.001*

Serum uric acid (mg/dl)

0.612

< 0.001*

Total urinary proteins (mg/gm creatinine)

0.466

0.005*

0.536

0.001*

Total urinary proteins

SBP (mmHg)

0.354

0.037*

Duration of hypertension (years)

0.374

0.027*

Serum uric acid (mg/dl)

0.54

0.001*

0.411

0.014*

Resistive index

Age (years)

0.347

0.041*

SBP (mmHg)

0.573

< 0.001*

Duration of hypertension (years)

0.691

< 0.001*

TC (mg/dl)

0.328

0.03*

Creatinine clearance

-0.339

0.02*

Total urinary proteins

0.411

0.014*

**Table 3.** Multiple Regression Analysis of Resistive Index and Selected Variables
Variables	B	P	95% confidence interval
SBP: Systolic blood pressure, NAG: N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase,*P is significant if < 0.05.
Age (years)	0.5	0.004*	0.251 : 1.168
SBP (mmHg)	0.479	0.002*	11.24 : 46.117
Urinary NAG	0.582	0.003*	0.004 : 0.016
Creatinine clearance	-0.464	0.031*	0.628 : 1.683

Table 3. Multiple Regression Analysis of Resistive Index and Selected Variables

Variables

95% confidence interval

SBP: Systolic blood pressure, NAG: N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase,*P is significant if < 0.05.

Age (years)

0.5

0.004*

0.251 : 1.168

SBP (mmHg)

0.479

0.002*

11.24 : 46.117

Urinary NAG

0.582

0.003*

0.004 : 0.016

Creatinine clearance

-0.464

0.031*

0.628 : 1.683