World J Nephrol Urol

World Journal of Nephrology and Urology, ISSN 1927-1239 print, 1927-1247 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, World J Nephrol Urol and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website http://www.wjnu.org

Original Article

Volume 7, Number 1, March 2018, pages 25-31

Correlative Analysis Between Severity of Urolithiasis and Laboratory Parameters and Its Implication in Evaluation of the Probable Risk Profile

**Table 1.** Distribution Pattern of Categorical and Clinical Parameters With Overall Distribution
Age (years)	Mean ± SD	55.15 ± 14.26
Gender	Male/female	87/64
Recurrence	Yes/no	50/101
BMI	Mean ± SD	25.21 ± 3.26
HTN	Present/absent	48/103
DM	Present/absent	29/122
CKD	Present/absent	44/107
DM + CKD	Present/absent	12/139
Stone multiplicity	Present/absent	85/66
Upper tract stone site	0/1/2	32/62/57
Upper tract obstruction side	0/1/2	16/65/67
Large stone bulk	Present/absent	41/110
Ipsilateral kidney damage	Mild/moderate/severe	48/80/23

Table 1. Distribution Pattern of Categorical and Clinical Parameters With Overall Distribution

Age (years)

Mean ± SD

55.15 ± 14.26

Gender

Male/female

87/64

Recurrence

Yes/no

50/101

BMI

Mean ± SD

25.21 ± 3.26

HTN

Present/absent

48/103

Present/absent

29/122

CKD

Present/absent

44/107

DM + CKD

Present/absent

12/139

Stone multiplicity

Present/absent

85/66

Upper tract stone site

0/1/2

32/62/57

Upper tract obstruction side

0/1/2

16/65/67

Large stone bulk

Present/absent

41/110

Ipsilateral kidney damage

Mild/moderate/severe

48/80/23

**Table 2.** Median Values of Continuous Variables With Corresponding P Values (Chi-Square Analysis/Pearson’s R Analysis)
Variable	Group	P value
Age	56.42	58.19	48.61	52.09	0.034
BMI	25.7	24.65	24.61	24.56	0.574
Serum urea	5.66	6.01	5.9	5.87	0.95
Serum uric acid	0.36	0.35	0.33	0.36	0.541
Serum creatinine	93.52	88.51	69.45	95.06	0.029
Serum ALP	75.08	76.38	82.92	64.67	0.067
Serum albumin	42.69	41.07	41.72	41.86	0.012
Serum Na	144	143.73	143.13	142	0.032
Serum K	3.96	3.95	4.02	3.97	0.893
Serum Ca	2.28	2.29	2.26	2.28	0.683
Serum Mg	0.88	0.89	0.87	0.93	0.045
Serum PO₄	1.16	1.08	1.16	1.13	0.339
Urine specific gravity	1.021	1.019	1.019	1.022	0.587
Urine pH	5.93	6.02	5.82	5.84	0.801

Table 2. Median Values of Continuous Variables With Corresponding P Values (Chi-Square Analysis/Pearson’s R Analysis)

Variable

Group

P value

Kidney

Ureter

Kidney + Ureter

Bladder

Age

56.42

58.19

48.61

52.09

0.034

BMI

25.7

24.65

24.61

24.56

0.574

Serum urea

5.66

6.01

5.9

5.87

0.95

Serum uric acid

0.36

0.35

0.33

0.36

0.541

Serum creatinine

93.52

88.51

69.45

95.06

0.029

Serum ALP

75.08

76.38

82.92

64.67

0.067

Serum albumin

42.69

41.07

41.72

41.86

0.012

Serum Na

144

143.73

143.13

142

0.032

Serum K

3.96

3.95

4.02

3.97

0.893

Serum Ca

2.28

2.29

2.26

2.28

0.683

Serum Mg

0.88

0.89

0.87

0.93

0.045

Serum PO₄

1.16

1.08

1.16

1.13

0.339

Urine specific gravity

1.021

1.019

1.022

0.587

Urine pH

5.93

6.02

5.82

5.84

0.801

**Table 3.** Significant Association and Correlation Parameters of Categorical Variables and Clinical Parameter Groups
Variable	Chi square coefficient	P value	Pearson r coefficient	P value
Gender	7.28	0.063	-0.015	0.859
Recurrence	4.706	0.019	3.08	0.042
HTN	8.528	0.001	5.67	0.036
DM II	5.635	0.302	0.01	0.907
CKD	8.66	0.043	7.42	0.027
DM + CKD	2.92	0.404	-0.002	0.979
Multiple stones	8.348	0.039	-4.09	0.027
Upper tract stone side	14.743	0.033	-0.858	0.041
Upper tract obstruction side	14.81	0.049	0.269	0.022
Large stone bulk	2.072	0.558	0.021	0.798
Ipsilateral kidney damage	14.27	0.048	3.1	0.038

Table 3. Significant Association and Correlation Parameters of Categorical Variables and Clinical Parameter Groups

Variable

Chi square coefficient

P value

Pearson r coefficient

P value

Gender

7.28

0.063

-0.015

0.859

Recurrence

4.706

0.019

3.08

0.042

HTN

8.528

0.001

5.67

0.036

DM II

5.635

0.302

0.01

0.907

CKD

8.66

0.043

7.42

0.027

DM + CKD

2.92

0.404

-0.002

0.979

Multiple stones

8.348

0.039

-4.09

0.027

Upper tract stone side

14.743

0.033

-0.858

0.041

Upper tract obstruction side

14.81

0.049

0.269

0.022

Large stone bulk

2.072

0.558

0.021

0.798

Ipsilateral kidney damage

14.27

0.048

3.1

0.038

**Table 4.** Clinical Parameter Groups and Corresponding Biochemical and Epidemiological Variables With Corresponding Correlation Values
Variable	Multiplicity	Stone side	Ipsilateral kidney damage	Large stone bulk	Obstruction side
Gender	-0.87	0.081	-0.7	0.99	-0.081	0.56	0.212	0.43	-0.55	0.011
Age	0.65	0.239	2.32	0.02	4.55	0.001	0.879	0.004	5.56	0.033
Recurrence	0.632	0.001	8.06	0.035	0.632	0.021	1.12	0.09	0.56	0.129
BMI	0.59	0.265	3.67	0.86	0.89	0.1	0.974	0.134	9.87	0.044
DM	0.561	0.435	2.86	0.77	0.661	0.101	0.45	0.172	0.36	0.067
CKD	0.062	0.001	3.44	0.26	0.762	0.002	0.441	0.023	8.06	0.055
HTN	0.98	0.765	4.56	0.14	0.98	0.001	1.02	0.56	0.67	0.113
Serum Na	5.13	0.003	0.87	0.87	0.113	0.81	0.167	0.87	0.86	0.088
Serum K	5.92	0.96	4.36	0.66	0.223	0.448	0.012	0.36	6.44	0.021
Urea	8.34	0.57	5.06	0.24	0.458	0.01	0.183	0.26	0.97	0.954
Creatinine	13.74	0.16	4.67	0.002	0.886	0.001	0.393	0.47	1.56	0.039
Serum ALP	14.81	0.24	1.86	0.56	0.093	0.331	0.948	0.86	0.87	0.113
Serum albumin	1.072	0.062	1.44	0.97	0.088	0.001	0.11	0.44	9.36	0.121
Serum Ca	14.27	0.85	3.97	0.26	0.068	0.098	0.801	0.002	5.06	0.001
Serum Mg	0.183	0.112	5.56	0.09	0.29	0.1	-0.631	0.072	-4.67	0.038
Serum PO4	0.293	0.18	0.56	0.06	0.243	0.295	0.401	0.001	6.86	0.042
Specific gravity	1.95	0.095	1.87	0.04	0.416	0.233	0.198	0.98	0.44	0.098
pH	2.11	0.088	0.36	0.081	0.665	0.376	0.1	0.11	0.775	0.1
Urine infection	1.8	0.001	8.06	0.003	0.885	0.431	0.442	0.689	0.443	0.01
Urine albumin	2.63	0.012	0.445	0.997	0.005	0.981	3.65	0.011	0.091	0.002

Table 4. Clinical Parameter Groups and Corresponding Biochemical and Epidemiological Variables With Corresponding Correlation Values

Variable

Multiplicity

Stone side

Ipsilateral kidney damage

Large stone bulk

Obstruction side

Pearson’s r value

P value

Pearson’s r value

P value

Pearson’s r value

P value

Pearson’s r value

P value

Pearson’s r value

P value

Gender

-0.87

0.081

-0.7

0.99

-0.081

0.56

0.212

0.43

-0.55

0.011

Age

0.65

0.239

2.32

0.02

4.55

0.001

0.879

0.004

5.56

0.033

Recurrence

0.632

0.001

8.06

0.035

0.632

0.021

1.12

0.09

0.56

0.129

BMI

0.59

0.265

3.67

0.86

0.89

0.1

0.974

0.134

9.87

0.044

0.561

0.435

2.86

0.77

0.661

0.101

0.45

0.172

0.36

0.067

CKD

0.062

0.001

3.44

0.26

0.762

0.002

0.441

0.023

8.06

0.055

HTN

0.98

0.765

4.56

0.14

0.98

0.001

1.02

0.56

0.67

0.113

Serum Na

5.13

0.003

0.87

0.113

0.81

0.167

0.87

0.86

0.088

Serum K

5.92

0.96

4.36

0.66

0.223

0.448

0.012

0.36

6.44

0.021

Urea

8.34

0.57

5.06

0.24

0.458

0.01

0.183

0.26

0.97

0.954

Creatinine

13.74

0.16

4.67

0.002

0.886

0.001

0.393

0.47

1.56

0.039

Serum ALP

14.81

0.24

1.86

0.56

0.093

0.331

0.948

0.86

0.87

0.113

Serum albumin

1.072

0.062

1.44

0.97

0.088

0.001

0.11

0.44

9.36

0.121

Serum Ca

14.27

0.85

3.97

0.26

0.068

0.098

0.801

0.002

5.06

0.001

Serum Mg

0.183

0.112

5.56

0.09

0.29

0.1

-0.631

0.072

-4.67

0.038

Serum PO4

0.293

0.18

0.56

0.06

0.243

0.295

0.401

0.001

6.86

0.042

Specific gravity

1.95

0.095

1.87

0.04

0.416

0.233

0.198

0.98

0.44

0.098

2.11

0.088

0.36

0.081

0.665

0.376

0.1

0.11

0.775

0.1

Urine infection

1.8

0.001

8.06

0.003

0.885

0.431

0.442

0.689

0.443

0.01

Urine albumin

2.63

0.012

0.445

0.997

0.005

0.981

3.65

0.011

0.091

0.002